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SPCL Saudi Pak Consultancy Company Limited

Latest results: FY2026 · Jun 2026

Last close · 22 Mar 2022

Rs 0.90 +4.65%

Annual · FY2007 – FY2026

Saudi Pak Consultancy Company Limited (SPCL) income statement

Saudi Pak Consultancy Company Limited reported revenue of Rs 51.8 mn for FY2026 (Jul 2025 – Jun 2026), down 49.2% on FY2025. Finance cost was Rs 7.9 mn, down 69.4% on FY2025. Tax of Rs 691,498 took 17.0% of pre-tax profit. Profit attributable to shareholders was Rs 3.4 mn, down 92.4% on FY2025, or Rs 0.07 per share.

SPCL income statement (annual) (Rs mn)
Rs mn FY2026 Jul 2025 – Jun 2026 FY2025 Jul 2024 – Jun 2025 FY2024 Jul 2023 – Jun 2024 FY2023 Jul 2022 – Jun 2023 FY2022 Jul 2021 – Jun 2022 FY2021 Jul 2020 – Jun 2021 FY2020 Jul 2019 – Jun 2020 FY2019 Jul 2018 – Jun 2019 FY2018 Jul 2017 – Jun 2018 FY2017 Jul 2016 – Jun 2017 FY2016 Jul 2015 – Jun 2016 FY2015 Jul 2014 – Jun 2015 FY2014 Jul 2013 – Jun 2014 FY2013 Jul 2012 – Jun 2013 FY2012 Jul 2011 – Jun 2012 FY2011 Jul 2010 – Jun 2011 FY2010 Jul 2009 – Jun 2010 FY2009 Jul 2008 – Jun 2009 FY2008 Jul 2007 – Jun 2008 FY2007 Jul 2006 – Jun 2007
Revenue 51.8 102.0 154.0 32.4 20.9 3.8 9.0 36.0 12.0 13.4 51.5 60.9 207.8 273.0 144.1 219.6 433.2 677.3 871.3 730.4
Operating expenses (60.6) (63.0) (59.7) (44.2) (40.9) (37.7) (39.7) (56.5) (40.0) (44.7) (74.0) (196.8) (131.5) (33.3) (582.9) (185.1) (255.9) (1,202.7) (132.9) (137.6)
Finance cost (7.9) (25.9) (43.8) (39.2) (34.4) (30.7) (44.5) (36.7) (29.2) (28.9) (31.2) — (45.2) (71.2) (134.3) (182.6) (836.8) — (857.3) (814.1)
Profit before tax 4.1 45.0 107.2 8.3 (64.9) (4.2) (54.3) 12.3 (52.3) (68.8) (118.1) (190.8) 4.9 132.5 (603.0) (165.9) (419.6) (527.2) 84.2 70.7
Taxation (0.7) (0.8) 0.0 6.2 0.3 5.5 0.8 14.8 (0.4) (0.6) (0.8) (2.1) 2.4 8.0 (218.8) 48.3 76.9 69.1 (16.7) (16.5)
Profit after tax 3.4 44.2 107.2 14.6 (64.6) 1.3 (53.4) 27.2 (52.7) (69.3) (118.9) (192.9) 7.2 140.5 (821.8) (117.7) (342.8) (458.1) 67.4 54.2
Profit attributable to shareholders 3.4 44.2 107.2 14.6 (64.6) 1.3 (53.4) 27.2 (52.7) (69.3) (118.9) (192.9) 7.2 140.5 (821.8) (117.7) (342.8) (458.1) 67.4 54.2
Per share
EPS – basic (Rs) Rs 0.07 0.98 2.37 0.32 (1.43) 0.03 (1.18) 0.60 (1.17) (1.53) (2.63) (4.27) 0.16 3.11 (18.20) (2.61) (7.59) (10.15) 1.49 1.20
Dividend per share (Rs) Rs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.00
SPCL income statement — year-on-year change (Rs mn)
Rs mn FY2026 Jul 2025 – Jun 2026 FY2025 Jul 2024 – Jun 2025 FY2024 Jul 2023 – Jun 2024 FY2023 Jul 2022 – Jun 2023 FY2022 Jul 2021 – Jun 2022 FY2021 Jul 2020 – Jun 2021 FY2020 Jul 2019 – Jun 2020 FY2019 Jul 2018 – Jun 2019 FY2018 Jul 2017 – Jun 2018 FY2017 Jul 2016 – Jun 2017 FY2016 Jul 2015 – Jun 2016 FY2015 Jul 2014 – Jun 2015 FY2014 Jul 2013 – Jun 2014 FY2013 Jul 2012 – Jun 2013 FY2012 Jul 2011 – Jun 2012 FY2011 Jul 2010 – Jun 2011 FY2010 Jul 2009 – Jun 2010 FY2009 Jul 2008 – Jun 2009 FY2008 Jul 2007 – Jun 2008 FY2007 Jul 2006 – Jun 2007
Revenue -49.2% -33.7% +374.8% +55.6% +446.3% -57.7% -74.9% +200.5% -10.8% -73.9% -15.4% -70.7% -23.9% +89.4% -34.4% -49.3% -36.0% -22.3% +19.3% —
Operating expenses -3.8% +5.6% +34.8% +8.2% +8.4% -5.0% -29.7% +41.4% -10.5% -39.6% -62.4% +49.7% +295.2% -94.3% +214.8% -27.7% -78.7% +805.3% -3.4% —
Finance cost -69.4% -40.8% +11.7% +14.0% +12.0% -31.0% +21.2% +26.0% +0.8% -7.1% — — -36.6% -47.0% -26.5% -78.2% — — +5.3% —
Profit before tax -91.0% -58.1% +1,184.2% — — — -539.6% — — — — -4,026.9% -96.3% — — — — -726.5% +19.0% —
Taxation -13.4% — — — — — — -3,710.6% -26.0% -30.0% -62.3% — — -103.7% — — — -513.3% +1.4% —
Profit after tax -92.4% -58.8% +635.0% — -4,895.9% — -296.7% — — — — -2,773.0% -94.9% — — — — -779.3% +24.4% —
Profit attributable to shareholders -92.4% -58.8% +635.0% — -4,895.9% — -296.7% — — — — -2,773.0% -94.9% — — — — -779.3% +24.4% —
Per share
EPS – basic (Rs) -92.4% -58.8% +635.0% — -4,895.8% — -296.7% — — — — -2,773.0% -94.9% — — — — -779.6% +24.4% —
Dividend per share (Rs) — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -100.0% —

Change against the previous fiscal year; shown when the earlier figure is positive.

SPCL income statement — common size (Rs mn)
Rs mn FY2026 Jul 2025 – Jun 2026 FY2025 Jul 2024 – Jun 2025 FY2024 Jul 2023 – Jun 2024 FY2023 Jul 2022 – Jun 2023 FY2022 Jul 2021 – Jun 2022 FY2021 Jul 2020 – Jun 2021 FY2020 Jul 2019 – Jun 2020 FY2019 Jul 2018 – Jun 2019 FY2018 Jul 2017 – Jun 2018 FY2017 Jul 2016 – Jun 2017 FY2016 Jul 2015 – Jun 2016 FY2015 Jul 2014 – Jun 2015 FY2014 Jul 2013 – Jun 2014 FY2013 Jul 2012 – Jun 2013 FY2012 Jul 2011 – Jun 2012 FY2011 Jul 2010 – Jun 2011 FY2010 Jul 2009 – Jun 2010 FY2009 Jul 2008 – Jun 2009 FY2008 Jul 2007 – Jun 2008 FY2007 Jul 2006 – Jun 2007
Revenue 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Operating expenses (117.0%) (61.7%) (38.7%) (136.4%) (196.1%) (988.3%) (440.3%) (157.0%) (333.6%) (332.6%) (143.6%) (323.3%) (63.3%) (12.2%) (404.4%) (84.3%) (59.1%) (177.6%) (15.2%) (18.8%)
Finance cost (15.3%) (25.4%) (28.5%) (120.9%) (165.1%) (805.1%) (493.6%) (102.0%) (243.3%) (215.5%) (60.5%) — (21.7%) (26.1%) (93.2%) (83.2%) (193.2%) — (98.4%) (111.5%)
Profit before tax 7.9% 44.1% 69.6% 25.7% (311.2%) (109.6%) (601.6%) 34.3% (436.1%) (512.1%) (229.2%) (313.4%) 2.3% 48.5% (418.4%) (75.6%) (96.9%) (77.8%) 9.7% 9.7%
Taxation (1.3%) (0.8%) 0.0% 19.2% 1.4% 144.9% 9.3% 41.2% (3.4%) (4.1%) (1.5%) (3.5%) 1.1% 2.9% (151.8%) 22.0% 17.7% 10.2% (1.9%) (2.3%)
Profit after tax 6.5% 43.3% 69.6% 45.0% (309.8%) 35.3% (592.3%) 75.4% (439.5%) (516.2%) (230.8%) (316.9%) 3.5% 51.5% (570.2%) (53.6%) (79.1%) (67.6%) 7.7% 7.4%
Profit attributable to shareholders 6.5% 43.3% 69.6% 45.0% (309.8%) 35.3% (592.3%) 75.4% (439.5%) (516.2%) (230.8%) (316.9%) 3.5% 51.5% (570.2%) (53.6%) (79.1%) (67.6%) 7.7% 7.4%

Each line as a percentage of revenue.

Figures in Pakistani rupees as reported by the company; costs and cash outflows in brackets; "—" = not reported. Updated 15 Oct 2026.

All reported line items 96
SPCL income statement — all reported line items (Rs mn)
Rs mn FY2026 Jul 2025 – Jun 2026 FY2025 Jul 2024 – Jun 2025 FY2024 Jul 2023 – Jun 2024 FY2023 Jul 2022 – Jun 2023 FY2022 Jul 2021 – Jun 2022 FY2021 Jul 2020 – Jun 2021 FY2020 Jul 2019 – Jun 2020 FY2019 Jul 2018 – Jun 2019 FY2018 Jul 2017 – Jun 2018 FY2017 Jul 2016 – Jun 2017
Interest & Dividend Income - Finance - Total 51.8 102.0 154.0 32.4 20.9 3.8 9.0 36.0 12.0 13.4
Interest Income - Loans/Deposits 51.8 102.0 154.0 32.4 20.9 3.8 4.9 4.0 9.7 7.9
Interest & Dividend Income - Other - Finance — — — — — — 4.1 32.0 2.2 5.5
Revenue from Business-Related Activities - Other - Total — — — — — — (0.0) — — —
Revenue from Business Activities - Total 51.8 102.0 154.0 32.4 20.9 3.8 9.0 36.0 12.0 13.4
Cost of Operating Revenue — — — — — — — 0.0 10.0 11.3
Cost of Revenues - Total — — — — — — — 0.0 10.0 11.3
Selling, General & Administrative Expenses - Total 59.2 61.6 58.2 42.8 39.5 36.3 38.3 53.4 27.3 30.7
Selling, General & Administrative Expenses - Unclassified 54.5 56.0 53.8 38.8 36.5 33.4 35.4 44.0 — 30.7
Depreciation in Selling, General & Administrative Expenses 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 9.5 — —
Amortization of Intangibles in Selling, General & Administrative Expenses — — — — — 0.0 0.0 0.0 — —
Other Operating Expense/(Income) - Net 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 3.1 2.7 2.6
Operating Expenses - Total 43.7 37.9 10.2 34.4 47.4 8.5 12.3 (19.8) 28.4 46.5
Provision & Impairment for Loan Losses (16.9) (25.1) (49.5) (9.9) 6.5 (29.3) (27.5) (76.3) (11.6) 1.8
Operating Expenses - before Interest Expenses & Provision for Loan Losses - Total 60.6 63.0 59.7 44.2 40.9 37.7 39.7 56.5 40.0 44.7
Selling, General & Administrative Expenses - Other - Total 0.0 0.9 — — — — — — — 0.0
Operating Profit before Non-Recurring Income/(Expense) 8.1 64.1 143.8 (1.9) (26.6) (4.6) (3.2) 55.8 (16.4) (33.1)
Financing Income/(Expense) - Net - Total (9.5) (29.0) (47.4) (45.5) (40.9) (38.5) (51.0) (43.4) (35.9) (35.7)
Interest Expense - Net of (Interest Income) 7.9 25.9 43.8 39.2 34.4 30.7 44.5 36.7 29.2 28.9
Other Operating Expense 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 3.1 2.7 2.6
Interest Expense - Net of Capitalized Interest 7.9 25.9 43.8 39.2 34.4 30.7 44.5 36.7 29.2 28.9
Non-Interest Financial Income/(Expense) - Total (1.5) (3.1) (3.6) (6.2) (6.5) (7.8) (6.5) (6.7) (6.7) (6.7)
Non-Interest Financial Income/(Expense) - Other - Net (1.5) (3.1) (3.6) (6.2) (6.5) (7.8) (6.5) (6.7) (6.7) (6.7)
Sale of Tangible & Intangible Fixed Assets - Gain/Loss — — — 0.0 0.0 — — — — —
Other Non-Operating Income/(Expense) - Total 5.4 9.9 10.8 55.7 2.6 39.0 — — — —
Normalized Pre-tax Profit 4.1 45.0 107.2 8.3 (64.9) (4.2) (54.3) 12.3 (52.3) (68.8)
Provision for Income Tax Expense- Unclassified — — 0.0 — — — — — — —
Income before Taxes 4.1 45.0 107.2 8.3 (64.9) (4.2) (54.3) 12.3 (52.3) (68.8)
Income Taxes 0.7 0.8 0.0 (6.2) (0.3) (5.5) (0.8) (14.8) 0.4 0.6
Income Taxes for the Year - Current 0.7 0.8 — 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2
Income Taxes - Deferred — — — (6.3) (0.5) (5.6) (0.9) (15.0) 0.2 0.3
Net Income after Tax 3.4 44.2 107.2 14.6 (64.6) 1.3 (53.4) 27.2 (52.7) (69.3)
Income before Discontinued Operations & Extraordinary Items 3.4 44.2 107.2 14.6 (64.6) 1.3 (53.4) 27.2 (52.7) (69.3)
Net Income before Minority Interest 3.4 44.2 107.2 14.6 (64.6) 1.3 (53.4) 27.2 (52.7) (69.3)
Net Income after Minority Interest 3.4 44.2 107.2 14.6 (64.6) 1.3 (53.4) 27.2 (52.7) (69.3)
Income Available to Common Shares 3.4 44.2 107.2 14.6 (64.6) 1.3 (53.4) 27.2 (52.7) (69.3)
DPS - Common - Gross - Issue - By Period End Date Rs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Net Income - Basic - including Extraordinary Items Applicable to Common - Total 3.4 44.2 107.2 14.6 (64.6) 1.3 (53.4) 27.2 (52.7) (69.3)
Income available to Common excluding Extraordinary Items 3.4 44.2 107.2 14.6 (64.6) 1.3 (53.4) 27.2 (52.7) (69.3)
Shares used to calculate Basic EPS - Total mn 45.2 45.2 45.2 45.2 45.2 45.2 45.2 45.2 45.0 45.2
EPS - Basic - including Extraordinary Items Applicable to Common - Total Rs 0.07 0.98 2.37 0.32 (1.43) 0.03 (1.18) 0.60 (1.17) (1.53)
EPS - Basic - excluding Extraordinary Items Applicable to Common - Total Rs 0.07 0.98 2.37 0.32 (1.43) 0.03 (1.18) 0.60 (1.17) (1.53)
EPS - Basic - excluding Extraordinary Items - Normalized - Total Rs 0.07 0.98 2.37 0.32 (1.43) 0.03 (1.18) 0.60 (1.17) (1.53)
Allocated Net Income including Extraordinary Items Applicable to Common - Issue Specific 3.4 44.2 107.2 14.6 (64.6) 1.3 (53.4) 27.2 (52.7) (69.3)
Earnings Allocation Factor - Basic - Issue Specific 1.00× 1.00× 1.00× 1.00× 1.00× 1.00× 1.00× 1.00× 1.00× 1.00×
Shares used to calculate Basic EPS - Issue Specific mn 45.2 45.2 45.2 45.2 45.2 45.2 45.2 45.2 45.0 45.2
EPS - Basic - including Extraordinary Items Applicable to Common - Issue Specific Rs 0.07 0.98 2.37 0.32 (1.43) 0.03 (1.18) 0.60 (1.17) (1.53)
EPS - Basic - excluding Extraordinary Items Applicable to Common - Issue Specific Rs 0.07 0.98 2.37 0.32 (1.43) 0.03 (1.18) 0.60 (1.17) (1.53)
EPS - Basic - excluding Extraordinary Items - Normalized - Issue Specific Rs 0.07 0.98 2.37 0.32 (1.43) 0.03 (1.18) 0.60 (1.17) (1.53)
EPS - Basic from Discontinued Operations & Extraordinary Items Rs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Net Income - Diluted - including Extraordinary Items Applicable to Common - Total 3.4 44.2 107.2 14.6 (64.6) 1.3 (53.4) 27.2 (52.7) (69.3)
Diluted Income available to Common excluding Extraordinary Items 3.4 44.2 107.2 14.6 (64.6) 1.3 (53.4) 27.2 (52.7) (69.3)
Shares used to calculate Diluted EPS - Total mn 98.0 98.0 98.0 98.0 45.2 98.0 45.2 98.0 45.0 45.2
EPS - Diluted - including Extraordinary Items Applicable to Common - Total Rs 0.03 0.45 1.09 0.15 (1.43) 0.01 (1.18) 0.28 (1.17) (1.53)
EPS - Diluted - excluding Extraordinary Items Applicable to Common - Total Rs 0.03 0.45 1.09 0.15 (1.43) 0.01 (1.18) 0.28 (1.17) (1.53)
EPS - Diluted - excluding Extraordinary Items - Normalized - Total Rs 0.03 0.45 1.09 0.15 (1.43) 0.01 (1.18) 0.28 (1.17) (1.53)
Allocated Diluted Net Income including Extraordinary Items Applicable to Common - Issue Specific 3.4 44.2 107.2 14.6 (64.6) 1.3 (53.4) 27.2 (52.7) (69.3)
Earnings Allocation Factor - Diluted - Issue Specific 1.00× 1.00× 1.00× 1.00× 1.00× 1.00× 1.00× 1.00× 1.00× 1.00×
Shares used to calculate Diluted EPS - Issue Specific mn 98.0 98.0 98.0 98.0 45.2 98.0 45.2 98.0 45.0 45.2
EPS - Diluted - including Extraordinary Items Applicable to Common - Issue Specific Rs 0.03 0.45 1.09 0.15 (1.43) 0.01 (1.18) 0.28 (1.17) (1.53)
EPS - Diluted - excluding Extraordinary Items Applicable to Common - Issue Specific Rs 0.03 0.45 1.09 0.15 (1.43) 0.01 (1.18) 0.28 (1.17) (1.53)
EPS - Diluted - excluding Extraordinary Items - Normalized - Issue Specific Rs 0.03 0.45 1.09 0.15 (1.43) 0.01 (1.18) 0.28 (1.17) (1.53)
EPS - Diluted from Discontinued Operations & Extraordinary Items Rs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
DPS - Common - Gross - Issue - By Announcement Date Rs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
DPS - Common - Net - Issue - By Announcement Date Rs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Earnings before Interest & Taxes (EBIT) 8.1 64.1 143.8 (1.9) (26.6) (4.6) (3.2) 55.8 (16.4) (33.1)
Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation & Amortization (EBITDA) 12.9 68.8 148.3 2.0 (23.6) (1.8) (0.3) 65.3 (6.9) (23.2)
Depreciation - Investment Property - Supplemental 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 3.1 2.7 2.6
Depreciation & Amortization - Supplemental 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 9.5 9.5 9.9
Depreciation Expense - Total - Supplemental 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 9.5 9.5 9.9
Amortization - Total - Supplemental — — — — — 0.0 0.0 0.0 — —
Depreciation, Depletion & Amortization - Total 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 9.5 9.5 9.9
Depreciation - Total 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 9.5 9.5 9.9
Amortization of Intangible Assets excluding Goodwill - Total — — — — — 0.0 0.0 0.0 — —
Normalized after Tax Profit 3.4 44.2 107.2 14.6 (64.6) 1.3 (53.4) 27.2 (52.7) (69.3)
Normalized Net Income from Continuing Operations 3.4 44.2 107.2 14.6 (64.6) 1.3 (53.4) 27.2 (52.7) (69.3)
Normalized Net Income - Bottom Line 3.4 44.2 107.2 14.6 (64.6) 1.3 (53.4) 27.2 (52.7) (69.3)
Earnings before Interest & Taxes (EBIT) - Normalized 12.0 70.9 151.0 47.6 (30.5) 26.5 (9.7) 49.1 (23.1) (39.8)
Earnings before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation & Amortization (EBITDA) - Normalized 16.7 75.6 155.5 51.6 (27.5) 29.4 (6.8) 58.6 (13.6) (29.9)
Interest Expense 7.9 25.9 43.8 39.2 34.4 30.7 44.5 36.7 29.2 28.9
Revenue after Loan Provisions - Net - Finance 68.7 127.1 203.5 42.3 14.3 33.1 36.5 112.3 23.6 11.6
Operating Expenses 43.7 37.9 10.2 34.4 47.4 8.5 12.3 (19.8) 28.4 46.5
Selling, General & Administrative Expenses excluding Research & Development Expenses 59.2 61.6 58.2 42.8 39.5 36.3 38.3 53.4 27.3 30.7
Income before Taxes & Provision for Loan Losses (12.9) 19.9 57.7 (1.5) (58.4) (33.5) (81.7) (64.0) (63.9) (66.9)
Cost of Revenue including Operation & Maintenance (Utility) - Total — — — — — — — 0.0 10.0 11.3
Cost of Revenues excluding Depreciation — — — — — — — 0.0 0.5 1.4
DPS - Common - Gross - Issue - By Payable Date Rs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
DPS - Common - Gross - Issue - By Ex Date Rs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Tax Adjusted Operating Income 10.0 69.6 151.0 83.1 — — — 108.0 — —
Operating Expenses excluding Non-Cash Charges - Total 38.9 33.2 5.7 30.4 44.5 5.6 9.3 (29.3) 18.9 36.6
Revenue Net of Interest Expense Before Loan Loss Provision 51.8 102.0 154.0 32.4 20.9 3.8 9.0 36.0 12.0 13.4
Income from Earning Assets 51.8 102.0 154.0 32.4 20.9 3.8 9.0 36.0 12.0 13.4
Income Available to Common Shares before Depreciation & Amortization 8.1 48.9 111.7 18.6 (61.7) 4.2 (50.5) 36.6 (43.2) (59.4)
Fixed Charges 7.9 25.9 43.8 39.2 34.4 30.7 44.5 36.7 29.2 28.9
Estimated Tax Rate 0.29× 0.29× 0.29× 0.29× 0.29× 0.29× 0.35× 0.30× 0.30× 0.31×
Total Common & Spl DPS -Gross - Issue - By Announcement Date Rs 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Every line the company reported, in the original order and wording, without regrouping or signs changed. Latest 10 periods; the table above goes back further.